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Eric Wolfe
Guest
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 Posted: Thu Mar 02, 2006 1:33 am Post subject: Re: KN1 SLI RAM mystery |
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"RankTyro" <latchamba-amazon@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1141158183.831092.117670@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com...
| Quote: | Hi,
I have just built my first system using KN1 SLI MoBo. Have a mystery
I'm trying to have explained to me in terms a beginner can
understand:
I carefully tested each of my 4 modules of RAM (1 GB each), and also
tested the sockets individually. As individual components and sockets,
each tested perfectly. When I sequentially began to install each
module, and rebooted after each install, the Properties window for
"My Computer" correctly reported that first I had 1 GB of
recognized RAM, the 2 GB, and so on.
However, when I added the 4th module, instead of going from 3 GB to 4
GB, it went from 3 to 3.37.
Can someone explain why only a fraction of the 4th module was
recognized by the system, no matter which sockets were used or in what
order to sequentially add the modules?
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That's quite typical for many PC's. Here's one explanation I found at
Google:
Posted by: UncleMacro
3.3GB is not that unusual. I've seen people with less. Address space is
allocated for all kinds of things including PCI devices so you can't get
access to your full RAM unless you're running a 64 bit operating system and
the BIOS has the appropriate options to move the RAM which is in the 3 to 4
gig address range to appear above 4 gig. I've seen BIOS updates increase the
amount of space available from time to time. If I'm looking at the correct
motherboard manual then you have integrated AGP video. Assuming that you're
not currently using it, you should make sure that the UMA frame buffer size
in the BIOS is set to the smallest possible value. The AGP aperture also
takes up address space even when not being used so set the AGP aperture to
none.
HTH
--
Eric |
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RankTyro
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Mar 02, 2006 11:32 am Post subject: Re: KN1 SLI RAM mystery |
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Thanks!
Forgive my ignorance, but which processors supprt the 64 bit OS?
I have an AMD Athlon 64 4000+ (San Diego). BIOS: Phoenix Technologies,
LTD 6.00 PG, 7/8/2005.
Would my setup accept windows 64 bit, and if so, would the processor
speed be dragged by the demands of a heftier OS? Or would the opposite
happen --- would I see a speed boost from an OS that can take advantage
of the 64 bit architecture?
Analogous questions: would the 64bit OS have trouble handling my apps
(say, for instance Photoshop CS1, and others), even if they weren't
designed for the 64 bit architecture? Regardless of whether this is a
problem, would upgrading to a 64bit OS automatically take care of the 3
to 4 GB recognition issue? Or would further BIOS and other
modifications be necessary?
Again, MANY thanks for your helpfult comments.
D |
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Eric Wolfe
Guest
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| Posted: Fri Mar 03, 2006 6:32 am Post subject: Re: KN1 SLI RAM mystery |
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"RankTyro" <latchamba-amazon@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1141298147.165794.178690@p10g2000cwp.googlegroups.com...
| Quote: | Thanks!
Forgive my ignorance, but which processors supprt the 64 bit OS?
I have an AMD Athlon 64 4000+ (San Diego). BIOS: Phoenix Technologies,
LTD 6.00 PG, 7/8/2005.
Would my setup accept windows 64 bit, and if so, would the processor
speed be dragged by the demands of a heftier OS? Or would the opposite
happen --- would I see a speed boost from an OS that can take advantage
of the 64 bit architecture?
Analogous questions: would the 64bit OS have trouble handling my apps
(say, for instance Photoshop CS1, and others), even if they weren't
designed for the 64 bit architecture? Regardless of whether this is a
problem, would upgrading to a 64bit OS automatically take care of the 3
to 4 GB recognition issue? Or would further BIOS and other
modifications be necessary?
Again, MANY thanks for your helpfult comments.
D
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The big advantage of a 64 bit OS is doubling the amount of data a CPU can
process per clock cycle. A 64-bit chip has the power to dramatically
improve the performance of audio and video encoding, complex engineering
programs like CAD, and to really boost the performance of games. And in the
long term, 64-bit computing will give programmers much more power as
desktops come closer and closer each day to what used to be the exclusive
realm of the mainframe.
The 64-bit CPUs can handle more memory and larger files because of the
larger a address space, which means it lets you address more memory. That's
the limit you're hitting now. Today's 32-bit Intel and AMD chips can
address up to 4GB of memory. In Windows-based machines, that 4GB is split
between the operating system and the applications. That means the most
memory any given application can access is 2GB.
That limit is becoming a problem--particularly in video-editing applications
and the like. A 64-bit processor can address up to 16 exabytes of memory
(that's over 16 billion gigabytes).
The Athlon 64 processor supports, IIRC, up to one terabyte of physical
memory and up to 256 terabytes of virtual memory.
While apps like Photoshop are usually among the first to upgrade to a new
platform, I think it's still going to be a while before that sort of stuff
trickles down *affordably* to me and you.
As for compatibility, IIRC, AMD and Intel took different approaches with AMD
running 32 bit apps natively and the Intel requiring a software emulation.
But it's been a long time since I've looked into the CPU race - much might
have changed.
--
Eric |
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Eric Wolfe
Guest
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| Posted: Fri Mar 03, 2006 12:32 pm Post subject: Re: KN1 SLI RAM mystery |
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"RankTyro" <latchamba-amazon@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1141298147.165794.178690@p10g2000cwp.googlegroups.com...
| Quote: | Thanks!
Forgive my ignorance, but which processors supprt the 64 bit OS?
I have an AMD Athlon 64 4000+ (San Diego). BIOS: Phoenix Technologies,
LTD 6.00 PG, 7/8/2005.
Would my setup accept windows 64 bit, and if so, would the processor
speed be dragged by the demands of a heftier OS? Or would the opposite
happen --- would I see a speed boost from an OS that can take advantage
of the 64 bit architecture?
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Just a side note - Certain WinTel systems *can* use more than 3GB of memory:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/memory/base
/physical_address_extension.asp
Platform SDK: Memory Management
Physical Address Extension
The Physical Address Extension (PAE) enables applications to address more
than 4 GB of physical memory. It is supported by Intel processors. The
following systems can use PAE to take advantage of physical memory beyond 4
GB:
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition
Windows Advanced Server, Limited Edition
Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
Windows 2000 Advanced Server
To enable PAE, you must use the /PAE switch in the Boot.ini file.
With PAE enabled, the operating system moves from two-level linear address
translation to three-level address translation. The extra layer of
translation provides access to physical memory beyond 4 GB. Instead of a
linear address being split into three separate fields for indexing into
memory tables, it is split into four separate fields; a 2-bit field, two
9-bit fields, and a 12-bit field that corresponds to the page size
implemented by Intel Architecture (4 KB).
Typically, a process can access up to 2 GB of memory address space (assuming
the /3GB switch was not used), with some of the memory being physical memory
and some being virtual memory. The memory manager uses PAE to provide more
physical memory to an application, which reduces the need to swap memory to
the page file and increases performance. The application itself is not aware
of the actual memory size. All of the memory management and allocation of
the PAE memory is handled by the memory manager independently of the
application.
Applications that are 4GT-aware are likely to remain in physical memory
rather than be paged out, which increases their performance. The exception
is when the /3GB switch is used in conjunction with the /PAE switch. In this
case, the operating system does not use any memory in excess of 16 GB.
Therefore, if the system restarts with the /3GB entry in the Boot.ini file,
and the system has more than 16 GB of physical memory, the additional
physical random access memory (RAM) is not used by the operating system.
Restarting the computer without the /3GB switch enables the use of all of
the physical memory.
Address Windowing Extensions (AWE) enables applications to address more than
4 GB. AWE enables an application to reserve physical memory as nonpaged
memory, then dynamically map portions of the nonpaged memory to its working
set. This enables memory-intensive programs to reserve large amounts of
physical memory for data without swapping to disk. Instead, the data is
swapped between the working set and reserved memory above the 4 GB range.
The memory above 4 GB is exposed to the memory manager and the AWE functions
by PAE. Without PAE, AWE is unable to reserve memory in excess of 4 GB.
--
Eric |
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Eric Wolfe
Guest
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| Posted: Mon Mar 06, 2006 6:35 pm Post subject: Re: KN1 SLI RAM mystery |
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"RankTyro" <latchamba-amazon@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1141298147.165794.178690@p10g2000cwp.googlegroups.com...
| Quote: | Thanks!
Forgive my ignorance, but which processors supprt the 64 bit OS?
I have an AMD Athlon 64 4000+ (San Diego). BIOS: Phoenix Technologies,
LTD 6.00 PG, 7/8/2005.
|
Good info on the state of 64-bittedness:
http://www.nytimes.com/cnet/CNET_2100-1006_3-6045931.html
Registration required )-:
--
Eric |
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